Yes, those instructions were suitable for a Debian derivative Linux distribution (includes Ubuntu and Linux Mint) – they use the apt package management system, with package files in .deb format.
CentOS is a RedHat derivative, and as such uses a different package management system based on .rpm packages. These days, I think the recommended command to manage these packages is yum, and there will no doubt also be a graphical interface for package management somewhere. You’ll need to adjust those instructions to match your system. I’m guessing something like:
sudo yum install libqt5-opengl-dev
will do the job, but the package name will probably need to be adjusted. I assume you’ve already tried installing the packages suggested in the CentOS section of the install instructions? Those instructions might be a bit out of date for recent versions of CentOS…